Octet rule and its limits

The key idea

The octet rule is a useful introductory pattern: many main-group atoms form arrangements associated with eight valence-shell electrons.

Why it matters

It is a guide, not a universal law. Electron-deficient species, odd-electron species and expanded-valence descriptions remind us where the shortcut stops working.

A picture to remember

It is a guide, not a universal law. Electron-deficient species, odd-electron species and expanded-valence descriptions remind us where the shortcut stops working.