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Electronegativity is a model for an atom’s tendency to attract electron density when it is bonded. Differences in electronegativity help us reason about bond polarity, but they do not turn bonding into a rigid binary classification. Bond polarity and molecular geometry work together to determine whether a molecule has a net electric dipole. A molecule can contain polar bonds yet have little or no overall dipole when the bond dipoles cancel by symmetry. Chemical bonding describes how atoms are held together through interactions involving electrons and nuclei. Ionic, covalent and metallic models highlight different limiting behaviours rather than three completely isolated worlds. The useful question is not only “what bond is this?” but “what does this model help predict?”
Primary references
IUPAC Gold Book · NIST · BIPM