Datele tabelului periodic

Date de referință pentru toate cele 118 elemente, cu coloanele esențiale primele și câmpuri atomice, fizice și istorice suplimentare la nevoie.

Z	Simbol	Element	Masă atomică	Grupă	Perioadă	bloc	Configurație electronică	Electronegativitate Pauling	Rază atomică calculată	Rază covalentă pentru legătură simplă	Prima energie de ionizare	Densitate de referință	Punct de topire	Punct de fierbere	Anul descoperirii
1	H	Hidrogen	[1.00784, 1.00811]	1	1	s	1s1	2.2	53	32	1,312.049	8.988e-05	13.835	20.271	1766
2	He	Heliu	4.002602(2)	18	1	s	1s2	—	31	46	2,372.322	0.0001786	—	4.222	1895
3	Li	Litiu	[6.938, 6.997]	1	2	s	[He]2s1	0.98	167	133	520.221	0.534	453.61	1,603	1817
4	Be	Beriliu	9.0121831(5)	2	2	s	[He]2s2	1.57	112	102	899.504	1.85	1,556	2,742	1798
5	B	Bor	[10.806, 10.821]	13	2	p	[He]2s2, 2p1	2.04	87	85	800.637	2.34	2,365	4,200	1808
6	C	Carbon	[12.0096, 12.0116]	14	2	p	[He]2s2, 2p2	2.55	67	75	1,086.453	2.267	—	—	c. 3750 BCE
7	N	Azot	[14.00643, 14.00728]	15	2	p	[He]2s2, 2p3	3.04	56	71	1,402.33	0.001251	63.172	77.355	1772
8	O	Oxigen	[15.99903, 15.99977]	16	2	p	[He]2s2, 2p4	3.44	48	63	1,313.943	0.001429	54.3705	90.188	1771
9	F	Fluor	18.998403162(5)	17	2	p	[He]2s2, 2p5	3.98	42	64	1,681.047	0.0017	53.54	85.04	1886
10	Ne	Neon	20.1797(6)	18	2	p	[He]2s2, 2p6	—	38	67	2,080.662	0.0009002	24.5653	27.104	1898
11	Na	Sodiu	22.98976928(2)	1	3	s	[Ne]3s1	0.93	190	155	495.846	0.968	370.93	1,156.09	1807
12	Mg	Magneziu	[24.304, 24.307]	2	3	s	[Ne]3s2	1.31	145	139	737.75	1.738	923	1,363	1755
13	Al	Aluminiu	26.9815384(3)	13	3	p	[Ne]3s2, 3p1	1.61	118	126	577.539	2.7	933.473	2,743	1824
14	Si	Siliciu	[28.084, 28.086]	14	3	p	[Ne]3s2, 3p2	1.9	111	116	786.518	2.33	1,688	3,538	1823
15	P	Fosfor	30.973761998(5)	15	3	p	[Ne]3s2, 3p3	2.19	98	111	1,011.811	1.823	317.3	550	1669
16	S	Sulf	[32.059, 32.076]	16	3	p	[Ne]3s2, 3p4	2.58	88	103	999.59	1.96	388.36	717.8	c. 500 BCE
17	Cl	Clor	[35.446, 35.457]	17	3	p	[Ne]3s2, 3p5	3.16	79	99	1,251.186	0.0032	172.2	239.11	1774
18	Ar	Argon	[39.792, 39.963]	18	3	p	[Ne]3s2, 3p6	—	71	96	1,520.571	0.001784	83.8138	87.302	1894
19	K	Potasiu	39.0983(1)	1	4	s	[Ar]4s1	0.82	243	196	418.81	0.89	336.84	1,032	1807
20	Ca	Calciu	40.078(4)	2	4	s	[Ar]4s2	1.0	194	171	589.83	1.55	1,115	1,757	1808
21	Sc	Scandiu	44.955907(4)	3	4	d	[Ar]4s2, 3d1	1.36	184	148	633.088	2.985	1,814	3,109	1879
22	Ti	Titan	47.867(1)	4	4	d	[Ar]4s2, 3d2	1.54	176	136	658.813	4.506	1,943	3,560	1791
23	V	Vanadiu	50.9415(1)	5	4	d	[Ar]4s2, 3d3	1.63	171	134	650.908	6.11	2,201	3,680	1830
24	Cr	Crom	51.9961(6)	6	4	d	[Ar]4s1, 3d5	1.66	166	122	652.869	7.15	2,180	2,952.078	1797
25	Mn	Mangan	54.938043(2)	7	4	d	[Ar]4s2, 3d5	1.55	161	119	717.276	7.21	1,519	2,334	1774
26	Fe	Fier	55.845(2)	8	4	d	[Ar]4s2, 3d6	1.83	156	116	762.472	7.86	1,811	3,134	c. 2000 BCE
27	Co	Cobalt	58.933194(3)	9	4	d	[Ar]4s2, 3d7	1.88	152	111	760.402	8.9	1,768	3,200	1735
28	Ni	Nichel	58.6934(4)	10	4	d	[Ar]4s2, 3d8	1.91	149	110	737.136	8.908	1,729	3,003	1751
29	Cu	Cupru	63.546(3)	11	4	d	[Ar]4s1, 3d10	1.9	145	112	745.482	8.96	1,357.77	2,835	c. 8000 BCE
30	Zn	Zinc	65.38(2)	12	4	d	[Ar]4s2, 3d10	1.65	142	118	906.402	7.14	692.677	1,180	1746
31	Ga	Galiu	69.723(1)	13	4	p	[Ar]4s2, 3d10, 4p1	1.81	136	124	578.845	5.91	302.915	2,673	1875
32	Ge	Germaniu	72.630(8)	14	4	p	[Ar]4s2, 3d10, 4p2	2.01	125	121	762.18	5.323	1,211.4	3,106	1886
33	As	Arsen	74.921595(6)	15	4	p	[Ar]4s2, 3d10, 4p3	2.18	114	121	944.451	5.727	—	—	1250
34	Se	Seleniu	78.971(8)	16	4	p	[Ar]4s2, 3d10, 4p4	2.55	103	116	940.96	4.81	494.2	958	1817
35	Br	Brom	[79.901, 79.907]	17	4	p	[Ar]4s2, 3d10, 4p5	2.96	94	114	1,139.859	3.1028	265.9	332	1825
36	Kr	Kripton	83.798(2)	18	4	p	[Ar]4s2, 3d10, 4p6	3.0	88	117	1,350.757	0.003749	115.7969	119.735	1898
37	Rb	Rubidiu	85.4678(3)	1	5	s	[Kr]5s1	0.82	265	210	403.032	1.532	312.46	961	1861
38	Sr	Stronțiu	87.62(1)	2	5	s	[Kr]5s2	0.95	219	185	549.471	2.64	1,041	1,650	1787
39	Y	Ytriu	88.905838(2)	3	5	d	[Kr]5s2, 4d1	1.22	212	163	599.874	4.472	1,795	3,203	1794
40	Zr	Zirconiu	91.222(3)	4	5	d	[Kr]5s2, 4d2	1.33	206	154	640.096	6.52	2,128	4,650	1789
41	Nb	Niobiu	92.90637(1)	5	5	d	[Kr]5s1, 4d4	1.6	198	147	652.13	8.57	2,745	5,017	1801
42	Mo	Molibden	95.95(1)	6	5	d	[Kr]5s1, 4d5	2.16	190	138	684.315	10.28	2,895	4,912	1781
43	Tc	Technețiu	[97]	7	5	d	[Kr]5s2, 4d5	1.9	183	128	686.916	11	2,429	4,538	1937
44	Ru	Ruteniu	101.07(2)	8	5	d	[Kr]5s1, 4d7	2.2	178	125	710.18	12.45	2,606	4,423	1844
45	Rh	Rodiu	102.90549(2)	9	5	d	[Kr]5s1, 4d8	2.28	173	125	719.674	12.41	2,236	3,968	1804
46	Pd	Paladiu	106.42(1)	10	5	d	[Kr]4d10	2.2	169	120	804.383	12.023	1,828	3,236	1802
47	Ag	Argint	107.8682(2)	11	5	d	[Kr]5s1, 4d10	1.93	165	128	730.995	10.49	1,234.93	2,483	c. 3000 BCE
48	Cd	Cadmiu	112.414(4)	12	5	d	[Kr]5s2, 4d10	1.69	161	136	867.772	8.65	594.2186	1,040	1817
49	In	Indiu	114.818(1)	13	5	p	[Kr]5s2, 4d10, 5p1	1.78	156	142	558.298	7.31	429.7485	2,345	1863
50	Sn	Staniu	118.710(7)	14	5	p	[Kr]5s2, 4d10, 5p2	1.96	145	140	708.58	7.265	505.078	2,875	c. 3000 BCE
51	Sb	Stibiu	121.760(1)	15	5	p	[Kr]5s2, 4d10, 5p3	2.05	133	140	830.583	6.697	903.77	1,908	815
52	Te	Telur	127.60(3)	16	5	p	[Kr]5s2, 4d10, 5p4	2.1	123	136	869.314	6.24	722.72	1,261	1782
53	I	Iod	126.90447(3)	17	5	p	[Kr]5s2, 4d10, 5p5	2.66	115	133	1,008.391	4.933	386.8	457.4	1811
54	Xe	Xenon	131.293(6)	18	5	p	[Kr]5s2, 4d10, 5p6	2.6	108	131	1,170.352	0.005894	161.414	165.051	1898
55	Cs	Cesiu	132.90545196(6)	1	6	s	[Xe]6s1	0.79	298	232	375.705	1.93	301.66	944	1860
56	Ba	Bariu	137.327(7)	2	6	s	[Xe]6s2	0.89	253	196	502.849	3.51	1,000	2,118.599	1808
57	La	Lantan	138.90547(7)	—	6	f	[Xe]6s2, 5d1	1.1	226	180	538.089	6.162	1,192	3,737	1838
58	Ce	Ceriu	140.116(1)	—	6	f	[Xe]6s2, 4f1, 5d1	1.12	210	163	534.394	6.77	1,070	3,716	1803
59	Pr	Praseodim	140.90766(1)	—	6	f	[Xe]6s2, 4f3	1.13	247	176	—	6.77	1,208	3,403	1885
60	Nd	Neodim	144.242(3)	—	6	f	[Xe]6s2, 4f4	1.14	206	174	533.057	7.01	1,289	3,347	1885
61	Pm	Promețiu	[145]	—	6	f	[Xe]6s2, 4f5	—	205	173	538.569	7.26	1,315	3,273	1945
62	Sm	Samariu	150.36(2)	—	6	f	[Xe]6s2, 4f6	1.17	238	172	544.536	7.52	1,346	2,173	1879
63	Eu	Europiu	151.964(1)	—	6	f	[Xe]6s2, 4f7	—	231	168	547.109	5.244	1,095	1,802	1901
64	Gd	Gadoliniu	157.249(2)	—	6	f	[Xe]6s2, 4f7, 5d1	1.2	233	169	593.365	7.9	1,591	3,273	1880
65	Tb	Terbiu	158.925354(7)	—	6	f	[Xe]6s2, 4f9	—	225	168	565.771	8.23	1,624	3,396	1843
66	Dy	Disprosiu	162.500(1)	—	6	f	[Xe]6s2, 4f10	1.22	228	167	573.032	8.54	1,683	2,840	1886
67	Ho	Holmiu	164.930329(5)	—	6	f	[Xe]6s2, 4f11	1.23	226	166	580.986	8.79	1,742	2,873	1878
68	Er	Erbiu	167.259(3)	—	6	f	[Xe]6s2, 4f12	1.24	226	165	589.303	9.066	1,795	3,141	1843
69	Tm	Tuliu	168.934219(5)	—	6	f	[Xe]6s2, 4f13	1.25	222	164	596.704	9.32	1,822	2,223	1879
70	Yb	Yterbiu	173.045(10)	—	6	f	[Xe]6s2, 4f14	—	222	170	603.435	6.9	1,091	1,469	1878
71	Lu	Lutețiu	174.96669(5)	3	6	d	[Xe]6s2, 4f14, 5d1	1.27	217	162	523.517	9.841	1,950	3,675	1906
72	Hf	Hafniu	178.486(6)	4	6	d	[Xe]6s2, 4f14, 5d2	1.3	208	152	658.519	13.31	2,504	4,876	1922
73	Ta	Tantal	180.94788(2)	5	6	d	[Xe]6s2, 4f14, 5d3	1.5	200	146	728.423	16.69	3,280	5,731	1802
74	W	Wolfram	183.84(1)	6	6	d	[Xe]6s2, 4f14, 5d4	2.36	193	137	758.764	19.25	3,687	6,203	1783
75	Re	Reniu	186.207(1)	7	6	d	[Xe]6s2, 4f14, 5d5	1.9	188	131	755.82	21.02	3,463	5,869	1925
76	Os	Osmiu	190.23(3)	8	6	d	[Xe]6s2, 4f14, 5d6	2.2	185	129	814.165	22.59	3,328	5,285	1803
77	Ir	Iridiu	192.217(2)	9	6	d	[Xe]6s2, 4f14, 5d7	2.2	180	122	865.186	22.56	2,719	4,403	1803
78	Pt	Platină	195.084(9)	10	6	d	[Xe]6s1, 4f14, 5d9	2.28	177	123	864.396	21.45	2,041.9	4,098	1735
79	Au	Aur	196.966570(4)	11	6	d	[Xe]6s1, 4f14, 5d10	2.54	174	124	890.131	19.3	1,337.33	3,243	c. 4000 BCE
80	Hg	Mercur	200.592(3)	12	6	d	[Xe]6s2, 4f14, 5d10	2.0	171	133	1,007.066	13.534	234.321	629.88	c. 1500 BCE
81	Tl	Taliu	[204.382, 204.385]	13	6	p	[Xe]6s2, 4f14, 5d10, 6p1	1.62	156	144	589.36	11.85	577	1,746	1861
82	Pb	Plumb	[206.14, 207.94]	14	6	p	[Xe]6s2, 4f14, 5d10, 6p2	1.87	154	144	715.601	11.34	600.612	2,022	c. 3800 BCE
83	Bi	Bismut	208.98040(1)	15	6	p	[Xe]6s2, 4f14, 5d10, 6p3	2.02	143	151	702.945	9.78	544.556	1,837	1400
84	Po	Poloniu	[209]	16	6	p	[Xe]6s2, 4f14, 5d10, 6p4	2.0	135	145	812.22	9.196	527	1,235	1898
85	At	Astatiniu	[210]	17	6	p	[Xe]6s2, 4f14, 5d10, 6p5	2.2	127	147	899.003	—	575	—	1940
86	Rn	Radon	[222]	18	6	p	[Xe]6s2, 4f14, 5d10, 6p6	—	120	142	1,037.073	0.00973	202	211.5	1899
87	Fr	Franciu	[223]	1	7	s	[Rn]7s1	0.7	—	223	392.96	—	300	923	1939
88	Ra	Radiu	[226]	2	7	s	[Rn]7s2	0.9	—	201	509.29	5	969	1,773	1898
89	Ac	Actiniu	[227]	—	7	f	[Rn]7s2, 6d1	1.1	—	186	519.114	10	1,324	3,473	1902
90	Th	Toriu	232.0377(4)	—	7	f	[Rn]7s2, 6d2	1.3	—	175	608.504	11.7	2,020	5,058	1829
91	Pa	Protactiniu	231.03588(1)	—	7	f	[Rn]7s2, 5f2, 6d1	1.5	—	169	—	15.37	1,843	4,273	1913
92	U	Uraniu	238.02891(3)	—	7	f	[Rn]7s2, 5f3, 6d1	1.38	—	170	597.635	19.1	1,407	4,404	1789
93	Np	Neptuniu	[237]	—	7	f	[Rn]7s2, 5f4, 6d1	1.36	—	171	604.539	20.2	913	4,273	1940
94	Pu	Plutoniu	[244]	—	7	f	[Rn]7s2, 5f6	1.28	—	172	581.397	19.816	913	3,501	1940
95	Am	Americiu	[243]	—	7	f	[Rn]7s2, 5f7	1.13	—	166	576.385	12	1,449	2,880	1944
96	Cm	Curiu	[247]	—	7	f	[Rn]7s2, 5f7, 6d1	1.28	—	166	578.163	13.51	1,619	3,383	1944
97	Bk	Berkeliu	[247]	—	7	f	[Rn]7s2, 5f9	1.3	—	168	598.002	14.78	1,323	—	1949
98	Cf	Californiu	[251]	—	7	f	[Rn]7s2, 5f10	1.3	—	168	606.109	15.1	1,173	—	1950
99	Es	Einsteiniu	[252]	—	7	f	[Rn]7s2, 5f11	1.3	—	165	614.457	8.84	1,133	—	1952
100	Fm	Fermiu	[257]	—	7	f	[Rn]7s2, 5f12	1.3	—	167	—	—	1,125	—	1952
101	Md	Mendeleeviu	[258]	—	7	f	[Rn]7s2, 5f13	1.3	—	173	—	—	1,100	—	1955
102	No	Nobeliu	[259]	—	7	f	[Rn]7s2, 5f14	1.3	—	176	639.332	—	1,100	—	1966
103	Lr	Lawrențiu	[262]	3	7	d	[Rn]7s2, 5f14, 7p1	1.3	—	161	478.567	—	1,900	—	1961
104	Rf	Rutherfordiu	[267]	4	7	d	[Rn]7s2, 5f14, 6d2	—	—	157	—	—	—	—	1969
105	Db	Dubniu	[268]	5	7	d	[Rn]7s2, 5f14, 6d3	—	—	149	—	—	—	—	1970
106	Sg	Seaborgiu	[269]	6	7	d	[Rn]7s2, 5f14, 6d4	—	—	143	—	—	—	—	1974
107	Bh	Bohriu	[270]	7	7	d	[Rn]7s2, 5f14, 6d5	—	—	141	—	—	—	—	1981
108	Hs	Hassiu	[269]	8	7	d	[Rn]7s2, 5f14, 6d6	—	—	134	—	—	—	—	1984
109	Mt	Meitneriu	[277]	9	7	d	[Rn]7s2, 5f14, 6d7	—	—	129	—	—	—	—	1982
110	Ds	Darmstadtiu	[281]	10	7	d	[Rn]5f14, 6d9, 7s1	—	—	128	—	—	—	—	1994
111	Rg	Roentgeniu	[282]	11	7	d	[Rn]5f14, 6d10, 7s1	—	—	121	—	—	—	—	1994
112	Cn	Coperniciu	[285]	12	7	d	[Rn]7s2, 5f14, 6d10	—	—	122	—	—	—	—	1996
113	Nh	Nihoniu	[286]	13	7	p	[Rn]7s2, 5f14, 6d10, 7p1	—	—	136	—	—	—	—	2004
114	Fl	Fleroviu	[290]	14	7	p	[Rn]7s2, 5f14, 6d10, 7p2	—	—	143	—	—	—	—	1998
115	Mc	Moscoviu	[290]	15	7	p	[Rn]7s2, 5f14, 6d10, 7p3	—	—	162	—	—	—	—	2003
116	Lv	Livermoriu	[293]	16	7	p	[Rn]7s2, 5f14, 6d10, 7p4	—	—	175	—	—	—	—	2000
117	Ts	Tenesiniu	[294]	17	7	p	[Rn]7s2, 5f14, 6d10, 7p5	—	—	165	—	—	—	—	2009
118	Og	Oganesson	[294]	18	7	p	[Rn]7s2, 5f14, 6d10, 7p6	—	—	157	—	—	—	—	2002

Definițiile diferite ale razei rămân separate, iar valorile lipsă nu sunt completate cu estimări.

Datele tabelului periodic

Tabelul periodic

Tendințe periodice